Try clearing you cache.  If that does not work reset your preferences by holding down Crtl or Cmd Key while starting bridge.  You should get a reset window with 3 options.

It was ok but I'm guessing I had an adobe update an things have changed

It is a simple problem, you probly accidentaly hit the shortcut cmd (ctr) + T and now your thumbnail info has gone.

Hit it again or onder the menu view put again acheckmark in front of the 'show thumbnail info' ans you are OK again

The (cmd) + T removes the folder names.  The folders have the folder names inside dark gray rectangles and I can't rename any folders.

It is not removing them, it only sets it to not show (or the correct menu name for it is 'show thumbnail only'). Hit cmd+T again and all the folder names appear and can be changed.

Also check the menu view where this menu is listed and can be clicked without the need of the shortcut

I agree it is a pointless and mostly useless shortcut and you are not the only one that hits it accidentally. Bridge badly needs a customizable shortcut pref like Photoshop has.

I don't know if this helps but I'm attaching a screen shot of what the labels look like.

Your screenshot is not attached but I think you should first check if the files are not locked and/or if you have read and write (administrator) privileges for the disk and folder the files are placed in. ( select the folder and use cmd + i or right mouse click menu 'Get Info', at the bottom of this info window shows your read and write permissions.

If that is all OK try a reset of the Bridge preferences. Quit Bridge, restart Bridge holding down option key and choose reset preferences. See if it works now and if so set the prefs again to your custom wishes because resetting means also again at factory settings.

Personally I never use the Right Mouse click menu for renaming, mostly I use the Batch rename option (shift + Cmd = R) for multiple selected files or the function key F2 to rename single files and then with tab to get to the next

You cannot upload or attach files through email.

The standard way of accessing the forums is through a webrowser and the forum web interface.

Anything you attach to an email disappears into cyberspace and is seen by absolutely no one but you.  When the forum re-braodcasts your email to other forum users all attachments have been stripped already.

You need to log in to the forum with your web browser and use the little camera icon in the tool bar of the Reply Editor to upload and embed an image in your post.

Preferences get corrupted incredibly often in Bridge, and nuking them is the only remedy.