Have you checked:
1) That you are using a valid encryption key for your
algorithm? You can generate an encryption key for AES in CF by
using generateSecretKey():
<cfset sAESKey = generateSecretKey("AES")>
2) Make sure the encoding type of the data is the same
between CF and Java (is your encrypted string in Base64, Hex, UU?)
3) Make sure your encrypted string makes the trip between CF
and Java without any changes (i.e. your encrypted string in CF
looks identical to your encrypted string in Java).
4) What method are you using to perform your AES
encryption/decryption in Java?
5) Make sure you are using the same encryption algorithms in
both systems. In CF, encrypting in AES:
<cfset AESEncString = Encrypt("Encrypt This!", sAESKey ,
"AES", "HEX")>
Remember, CF runs on java. so worse case scenario if you
can't get CF to encrypt / decrypt your string using Encrypt() /
Decrypt(), you can always recreate the java code in CF to perform
your action. However, you should be able to successfully move
encrypted data between the two systems.