How can I, an inserted image in Photoshop CS6 permanently enlarge the insert again?

Though English is my native tong I failed every English course I was required to take and they even made te take extra ones. So man I feel for you.

When you state insert eg a picture.  What exact Photoshop step are you referring too.  Open, Place, Paste, insert into a new or old open document.  Insert for me is an ambiguous English word.   Though I'm now 72 English is still not one of my strong points.

Create to me brings to mind make something from nothing.  I also don't think you mean your designing a new font I think you referring to some text tool.  Lets talk Photoshop not English.

Lets use Photoshop step and maybe not language dependent ones how about key board key steps and screen shots maybe some arrows pointing to icons and button used. Picture better than words.

Check the resolution on your images.

Placing defaults to maintaining physical sizes. So if the image resolution is way off, the sizes will be way off.

From your screen capture it looks like you Placed in an image into a new document as a smart object layer.   When you open the new document  you either selected a preset document size or you entered some custom setting the the document.  The Document has a width and hieght pixel size and the document has a resolution DPI setting. Together they define the document print size in some units of measurement like inches, cc, mm etc.  The Image you placed is also has a size its.  Its resolution size  may much different.  Photoshop will match the placed image to you new open document.  You need to be careful with the resolutions of the document you using Here is a screen capture to document both have the same number of pixels but different DPI resolution Both have the same RAW image placed in and the default place transform accepted.